Reactive Arthritis: How Infections Trigger Joint Pain and Inflammation

Reactive arthritis is a form of joint inflammation triggered by infection. It was once called Reiter’s syndrome, linking arthritis, eye issues, and urinary tract problems. The condition belongs to the spondyloarthritis group of autoimmune diseases. Bacterial infections in the urinary tract or intestines commonly cause reactive arthritis. Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequent bacterium linked to the condition. Symptoms include joint pain, swelling, and inflammation in the eyes, skin, and urinary system.

The disease often targets larger joints in the legs. Men are more frequently affected than women, with symptoms typically appearing around age 30. Genetics may also influence risk, as the HLA B27 gene increases susceptibility.

Doctors diagnose reactive arthritis by reviewing medical history and performing physical exams. Blood tests help detect signs of infection or inflammation. Reactive arthritis can lead to long-term joint and tissue issues if untreated. Early diagnosis and management are key to controlling symptoms. The condition highlights the connection between infection and autoimmune responses in the body.