How Chocolate Mahseer farming is transforming lives in Northeast India

A rare fish from Northeast India is becoming a valuable asset for local farmers. Known as the Chocolate Mahseer, or Neolissochilus hexagonolepis, it is now farmed for its high market price and rich-tasting meat. In Meghalaya, where it is called Kha Saw, the fish sells for between Rs. 400 and 500 per kilogram, offering strong profits for those who raise it. The Chocolate Mahseer thrives in clean, well-aerated water with temperatures between 18-22°C. Farmers must maintain a pH level of 7.5-8.5 and oxygen above 5mg/L to ensure healthy growth. Without these conditions, the fish become vulnerable to diseases like fungal infections, cotton wool disease, and tail rot.

Breeding requires careful selection of brood stock, with females weighing 200-300 grams and males 50-100 grams. The species spawns in three seasons each year: January-February, May-June, and July-September. Proper nutrition and water quality play a crucial role in preventing illness and ensuring survival. Farming this fish has turned into a lucrative business, creating jobs and boosting local economies. While Meghalaya has seen targeted programmes combining conservation with economic benefits, no verified reports confirm similar initiatives in other northeastern states over the past five years. The fish is sold fresh, prized for its tender, almost boneless meat and distinct flavour. Its high demand in markets guarantees steady income for farmers who invest in its cultivation.

The Chocolate Mahseer's popularity continues to grow, offering both financial rewards and sustainable farming opportunities. With the right conditions and management, it provides a stable income source for communities in Meghalaya. The fish's unique qualities and market value make it a standout product in the region's aquaculture sector.