New X-ray tech could revolutionize kidney stone diagnosis and treatment

Kidney stones affect more than five percent of people and often cause intense pain. Researchers at Empa are now working on a new way to diagnose them without surgery. Their method uses advanced X-ray technology to determine the best treatment for each patient.

At present, doctors sometimes only discover the exact type of kidney stone after removing it surgically. This can delay the most suitable treatment, as the shape and chemical makeup of the stone influence how it should be managed. Many cases may not even require surgery—simple changes to diet or hydration can be enough.

Empa's team is developing a painless diagnostic tool using dark-field X-ray imaging. This technique provides detailed images of a stone's composition, shape, and position inside the body. The goal is to upgrade existing X-ray machines with dark-field technology at a reasonable cost. The project is backed by funding from the Maiores Foundation and another supporting organisation. If successful, the method will allow doctors to assess each patient's stones individually. This could lead to faster, more precise treatment plans without unnecessary operations.

The new imaging approach aims to reduce reliance on surgery for kidney stone cases. By offering a clearer, non-invasive way to analyse stones, it may help patients receive the right treatment sooner. The technology is still in development, with further testing and upgrades planned.