Pericarditis Causes Sharp Chest Pain—Here's What You Need to Know

Pericarditis is a condition where the lining around the heart becomes inflamed. This swelling can lead to sharp chest pain and discomfort. While often temporary, it sometimes returns after the first episode. The pericardium is a thin sac that surrounds the heart. It keeps the organ in place, protects it from injury, and contains a small amount of fluid to reduce friction during beats. When inflamed, the sac’s layers rub together, causing pain.

Most cases of pericarditis last less than four weeks, known as acute pericarditis. If symptoms persist beyond three months, it becomes chronic. Viral infections are a common trigger, though the exact cause often remains unclear. Treatment usually involves anti-inflammatory drugs and rest. Recurrence is not uncommon—up to half of those with a first episode may experience it again within 18 months. The condition also appears more frequently in African American populations. Unlike myocarditis, which affects the heart muscle itself, pericarditis only involves the outer lining.

Pericarditis can usually be managed with medication and recovery time. While many cases resolve quickly, some patients face repeated flare-ups. Doctors recommend monitoring symptoms closely to avoid complications.