Global democracy in retreat as autocracy spreads to 74% of the world

Democracy is under pressure globally, with freedom of expression declining in nearly a quarter of countries. A new report from the V-Dem Institute reveals that more nations are shifting towards autocracy than democracy. Estonia, despite ranking 6th in the index, faces growing challenges in economic security and public trust. The latest V-Dem report highlights a troubling trend: 44 countries are moving toward autocracy, while only 18 are becoming more democratic. This shift means 74% of the world's population now lives under autocratic rule. In Eastern Europe, the situation is particularly stark—just 5% of people reside in liberal democracies.

Estonia remains a standout in the region, holding 6th place in the V-Dem rankings with no major changes. Yet, the country is not immune to broader pressures. Over the past three years, economic security and well-being have worsened. Trust in the government and parliament has also fallen, now sitting between 29% and 37%. The report links economic insecurity to democratic decline. As living standards drop, support for democratic institutions often weakens. This pattern raises concerns about Estonia's long-term stability, even as it maintains a strong democratic position for now.

The findings underscore a clear connection between economic struggles and democratic erosion. Estonia's high ranking offers some reassurance, but declining trust and well-being pose risks. Ensuring long-term security and prosperity will be crucial to preserving its democratic resilience in the years ahead.