Winter swimming risks: Who should avoid icy water immersion?

Winter swimming has grown in popularity, but doctors warn it is not safe for everyone. Certain health conditions can make cold water immersion dangerous, leading to severe reactions or long-term harm. Experts advise checking medical risks before taking the plunge into icy waters.

People with lung diseases, such as chronic bronchitis or asthma, should avoid winter swimming. The cold shock can worsen breathing difficulties and trigger dangerous flare-ups. Those with heart or vascular problems face even greater risks, as the sudden strain on the heart may cause serious complications—including a heart attack.

Individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions must also stay away from icy water. Cold urticaria, a skin allergy to low temperatures, can provoke severe allergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. Inflammation in the urinary, intestinal, or reproductive systems may worsen, leading to systemic complications. Joint or back pain sufferers are advised against winter swimming too. The cold can heighten inflammation, causing sharp pain and further damage. Even those with milder cold allergies should avoid the activity to prevent adverse reactions. For those cleared to swim, safety steps are essential. Enter the ice hole cautiously and limit time in the water to around a minute. Exit slowly and warm up gradually with hot tea or herbal drinks to help the body adjust.

Winter swimming remains risky for many, particularly those with pre-existing health issues. Doctors stress the importance of understanding personal limits before attempting cold water immersion. Following strict safety measures can reduce dangers—but some conditions make the activity unsafe altogether.