India's healthcare crisis deepens as chronic diseases surge despite economic growth

India's health economy is growing rapidly, yet the population's health is not keeping pace. Experts gathered at the Ahmedabad Dialogue 2024 to explore why chronic diseases are rising and how the system could shift from treatment to prevention. The event, hosted by Ahmedabad University's Bagchi School of Public Health, brought together policymakers and researchers to address gaps in the current approach.

The dialogue highlighted a key issue: India's healthcare system still prioritises treating illness over preventing it. Chronic and lifestyle-related diseases are now appearing earlier in life, particularly in disadvantaged communities. These groups face greater economic strain and poorer health outcomes, making equity a critical factor in long-term sustainability.

Participants discussed how technology could enable earlier interventions and better prevention. However, since the event, no new laws or structural reforms—such as changes to payment models or subsidies—have been introduced. Existing programmes, like the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke, continue without major updates as of February 2026.

Ahmedabad University, a private research institution known for its interdisciplinary focus, organised the discussions. Insights from the panel and roundtables will be shared to inform future policy decisions. The goal remains clear: turning India's expanding health capacity into tangible improvements in public health.

The Ahmedabad Dialogue underscored the need for systemic change to reduce chronic disease rates. Without structural reforms, the gap between healthcare spending and population health may widen. The findings aim to guide policymakers toward more effective prevention strategies in the years ahead.