Hormone Therapy May Raise Autoimmune Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women

A large-scale study has uncovered a potential link between hormone therapy and a higher risk of autoimmune diseases in postmenopausal women. The findings, presented at the 2025 Annual Meeting of The Menopause Society, analysed data from nearly 1.8 million women with an average age of 60.5 years.

The research suggests that while hormone therapy remains a valid option for managing menopausal symptoms, its risks must be carefully weighed for each individual.

The study tracked women over varying periods to assess the connection between hormone therapy and autoimmune conditions. Results showed a statistically significant increase in risk for most autoimmune diseases among therapy users. However, this trend did not apply to Graves’ disease or autoimmune hepatitis.

Despite the observed link, researchers stressed that absolute risks remain modest and differ across conditions. They also noted that the study’s retrospective nature prevents definitive conclusions about causation. Further prospective research is needed to confirm the findings.

The authors highlighted the complexity of immune-hormonal interactions, calling for a more tailored approach to menopause management. Personalised medicine, they argued, should account for individual risk factors, symptoms, and patient preferences when considering hormone therapy.

A deeper understanding of these effects could shape future screening and prevention strategies for autoimmune diseases in postmenopausal women.

The study underscores the need for careful evaluation before prescribing hormone therapy. While it may still help manage menopausal symptoms, clinicians must assess each patient’s unique risks and preferences. The findings also point to the importance of ongoing research to clarify the relationship between hormone therapy and autoimmune conditions.