Hidden Genetic Risk: How Lp(a) Could Threaten Your Heart Health

High levels of lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), may put a quarter of the world's population at greater risk of heart disease. Experts now recommend screening for this genetic risk factor, particularly in those with a family history of cardiovascular problems. While treatments are still in development, early detection could help prevent long-term heart health issues.

Research shows that Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dL raise the likelihood of major cardiovascular events and coronary heart disease. For healthy women, elevated levels also increase the 30-year risk of developing heart conditions. However, the most severe risks—such as ischemic stroke and cardiovascular death—only appear in individuals with extremely high Lp(a) concentrations, exceeding 120 mg/dL.

Despite the genetic nature of Lp(a), a heart-healthy lifestyle can still improve overall cardiovascular health. Though diet and exercise do little to lower Lp(a) itself, they help reduce other risk factors. Meanwhile, several drugs targeting Lp(a) are in clinical trials, but none have yet received approval for preventing heart disease.

Health authorities suggest measuring Lp(a) early in life, even for those currently in good health. Routine screening could identify individuals who might benefit from future treatments or closer monitoring. However, experts lack precise global estimates of how many people face increased risk due to Lp(a) levels of 30 mg/dL or higher.

Screening for lipoprotein(a) could become a standard part of cardiovascular risk assessment. Early detection allows for better long-term management, especially in those with a family history of heart disease. While targeted treatments remain under development, lifestyle changes continue to play a key role in reducing overall heart health risk.