Herring collapse in the Atlantic threatens ecosystems and food security

Herring populations in the Northeast Atlantic have fallen to dangerously low levels, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The decline is linked to overfishing, climate change, and mismanagement of quotas—with serious knock-on effects for marine ecosystems.

For years, fishing quotas in the region have often exceeded scientific advice. This practice has pushed herring stocks to the brink, particularly in the Celtic Sea, where biomass remains critically low as of 2025. While some areas, like the North Sea, saw recovery by 2023—allowing for higher quotas—others continue to struggle under strict restrictions.

The collapse of herring disrupts the entire food chain. Seabirds, porpoises, seals, and larger fish all depend on these small but vital fish for survival. Meanwhile, the climate crisis is making matters worse, adding stress to already vulnerable species.

Austria imports 92 percent of its seafood, including shrimp, salmon, and tuna. Shrimp caught by bottom trawling is especially damaging, releasing more carbon than locally farmed carp. With 90 percent of global fish stocks either overfished or fully exploited, experts now warn against daily consumption. Even herring, once seen as a sustainable choice, can no longer be recommended due to widespread overfishing.

The ongoing decline of herring highlights the urgent need for stricter fishing controls and sustainable choices. As marine ecosystems weaken, the impact extends beyond fish populations, threatening wildlife and food security. Experts now advise treating fish as an occasional delicacy rather than a dietary staple.