Flat-faced dog breeds face severe health risks, new study warns

A new study has highlighted the severe health risks linked to flat-faced dog breeds. Researchers found that extreme facial flattening and narrow nostrils greatly increase the chance of breathing problems. The findings stress the need for stricter breeding rules to protect these dogs' welfare.

The study, led by Francesca Tomlinson at the University of Cambridge, examined Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) across multiple breeds. Pekingese and Japanese Chins showed surprisingly high rates of the condition, proving it is not limited to well-known breeds like Bulldogs or Pugs. Symptoms include loud breathing, poor exercise tolerance, and a higher risk of overheating.

Extreme facial flattening and collapsed nostrils were the strongest predictors of BOAS risk. Overweight dogs also suffered worse symptoms, showing the importance of weight control. In contrast, breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Pomeranians, Boxers, and Chihuahuas had far fewer breathing issues.

Since 2016, breeding standards have tightened in the UK, US, and EU. The UK Kennel Club now enforces stricter health tests and muzzle length rules, while the EU and US breed clubs set similar limits. These changes aim to reduce BOAS by promoting longer muzzles, wider nostrils, and better airflow.

The research calls for closer teamwork between scientists, breeders, and owners. Better understanding of BOAS causes could guide future reforms to improve dog health.

The findings serve as a warning about the dangers of prioritising looks over health in dog breeding. Tighter rules and weight management could help lower BOAS rates in vulnerable breeds. Scientists and breeders must continue working together to ensure long-term welfare improvements.