Osteoarthritis affects nearly 600 million globally—here's how to manage it

Nearly 600 million people worldwide live with osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis. The condition causes joint pain, stiffness and swelling as cartilage wears away over time. While it can affect any joint, the hands, knees, hips and neck are most frequently impacted.

Osteoarthritis, also called arthrosis, develops when the protective cartilage in joints breaks down. Without this cushioning, bones rub directly against each other, leading to discomfort, reduced movement and occasional inflammation. Risk factors include ageing, being female, excess weight, previous injuries, joint deformities, certain occupations and family history.

Diagnosing the condition typically starts with a physical examination and review of medical history. Doctors may also order blood tests, joint fluid analysis or imaging scans to confirm the issue. Symptoms often mirror those of other arthritis types, such as joint pain, stiffness, swelling, redness and difficulty moving.

Treatment varies depending on severity but often includes pain-relieving medication, physical therapy or occupational therapy. Some patients benefit from orthotic supports, while others may eventually require joint surgery. Managing the condition long-term involves regular check-ups and a personalised care plan developed with healthcare professionals.

Osteoarthritis remains a widespread issue, affecting millions globally as joints deteriorate with age or overuse. While no cure exists, early diagnosis and tailored treatment can help control symptoms and maintain mobility. Patients are encouraged to work closely with their doctors to find the most effective approach for their needs.